What NOT to Do in Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is a fascinating country, filled with Silk Road history, stunning turquoise mosaics, and some of the best souvenir shopping I’ve ever experienced.

I enjoyed my solo trip to Uzbekistan, which I paired with time in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. This was my first trip to Central Asia, and it couldn’t have gone any better!

My trip across Uzbekistan took me to four of the most popular cities — Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva. I learned Persian miniature painting and suzani embroidery. I gawked at the metro stations in Tashkent and even took a day trip into Tajikistan.

And along the way, I fell in love with this incredible country. And so did many of you, my dear readers. I have never seen such a strong reader response to a trip I’ve taken before! I know many of you will be planning your own trips to Uzbekistan soon.

I love writing my What NOT to Do posts, teaching travelers what they should NOT do in different destinations. Because sometimes you need to know what not to do before you figure out what to do!

I hope this post helps you plan your own dream trip to Uzbekistan. Let’s take a look!

This post was published in May 2026.

Don’t assume Uzbekistan is an intimidating or difficult destination.

Let’s be honest — not a lot of people visit Uzbekistan before they’ve visited, say, Italy or Thailand or Mexico. It tends to be the thirtieth country people have visited, rather than the third, unless they are from Central Asia themselves.

Because of that — along with the erroneous belief that anywhere with “Stan” in its name is inherently dangerous — many people assume that Uzbekistan is best suited for expert travelers.

Here’s the truth: I was stunned at how easy Uzbekistan was to travel. And I’m not just saying that because I’m a very experienced traveler.

To start, Uzbekistan is a very safe destination where there is little violent crime and almost no street harassment. Additionally, Uzbekistan is a popular destination and has quite good infrastructure at a variety of price points.

On top of that, prices are affordable here. I spent on average $50 per night for a hotel, $2-3 for a Yandex taxi ride, and $6-8 for dinner. That makes it easier to justify staying in a nicer place or booking a higher class on a train.

The most important things for traveling Uzbekistan are researching the cities you’ll be visiting in advance, booking train tickets well ahead of time, getting an Uzbekistan eSIM, and downloading Yandex Go.

Something else I found interesting was that there were SO many large senior tour groups in Uzbekistan. And from a variety of nations, too — British, American, French, and I was surprised by how many Italian voices I heard.

Who knew the big, scary Stans would be so popular with older folks?

Overall, I have had near-breakdowns in popular travel destinations like Japan and Italy. I didn’t get anywhere close to a breakdown in Uzbekistan. My trip was just smooth, start to finish.

Don’t wait until the last minute to book train tickets.

I’m putting this near the top because it’s the most important tip on this list. Traveling by train is the best way to get around Uzbekistan — I took three different kinds of trains and found them fast, efficient, affordable, and very pleasant.

But train tickets tend to sell out extremely fast — especially the high-speed Afrosiyab trains running from Tashkent to Samarkand and Bukhara.

They often sell out the day they go on sale (!), which is 45-60 days before the trip.

Can you just take the bus instead? Of course you can — but it takes much longer. My high-speed train from Tashkent to Samarkand took two hours, while the bus takes about five hours. One of my guides told me his bus took seven hours due to traffic.

You can book train tickets on your own at railway.uz, or you can have an Uzbek travel agency book them for you at a markup.

I used the agency Orex CA to buy one of my tickets, just to see what the experience was like, and it was fine, but I could have done it myself with no issues. They charged me 40 USD for a ticket that would have cost about 17 USD, so expect a decent markup.

And if your train is sold out, contact an Uzbek travel agency. I heard that many agencies hold onto tickets on the popular routes, and release them close to the date if nobody buys them. So keep looking, just in case.

If you’re a bit nervous about buying the right tickets, I recommend reaching out to an agency at least 60 days in advance and having them order them as soon as they go on sale. The extra cost might be worth the peace of mind to you.

Don’t wear revealing clothing.

Whenever I visit a predominantly Muslim country, I get women asking me if it’s necessary to wear a headscarf in public. In most Muslim countries, a headscarf is only necessary when visiting an active mosque.

But I do like to dress similarly to local women when I travel solo. Sometimes that means wearing a long tunic that buttons to my neck (Southern Lebanon), sometimes it means wearing jeans even though it’s roasting out (Cartagena, Colombia).

So how do women dress in Uzbekistan? Some women wear the hijab and dress traditionally in long, loose dresses. Some women wear the hijab and dress in more modern ways, like blazers, wide-leg jeans, and bomber jackets. Some women don’t cover their hair and dress western-style.

But I will tell you this: you do not see Uzbek women wearing short skirts, overly tight clothing, or showing their cleavage. Many women dress stylishly, but they don’t show skin.

And that made me glad that I packed a wardrobe that covered my knees, shoulders, and cleavage.

For my April trip, I mainly wore two kinds of outfits: 1) a knee-length dress over cropped or full-length leggings with a denim jacket on top, or 2) a t-shirt and jeans. I would add on a few more layers (a long-sleeved wrap top, a cardigan) if it was cold.

For a few hours on my last day in Tashkent, I did take off the denim jacket and just wore the sleeveless dress over cropped leggings. Tashkent felt modern enough that showing my shoulders didn’t feel disrespectful.

For men and mascs, if you’d like to dress similarly to Uzbek men, I’d stick to wearing long pants and avoid shorts and tank tops. And PLEASE do not go for a jog shirtless.

I did see some women tourists who were dressed revealingly. In Khiva, I saw a western woman in her sixties wearing leggings as pants with a t-shirt that didn’t cover her butt. And in Samarkand, I saw two twenty-something Russian women in short shorts and tank tops.

They stood out in a bad way. Don’t be that person.

Don’t forget to download the Yandex Go app.

If you try to summon an Uber in Uzbekistan, you’ll be out of luck — here, the app of choice is Yandex Go, a popular app in former Soviet republics. Be sure to download it before your trip, because you need a phone number to confirm it.

Yandex is vital in Uzbekistan. You can use it as a taxi app, as a food delivery app, and you can even send items to be delivered elsewhere.

And Yandex rides are shockingly cheap. Most of the time, my rides were under 5 USD for a ride across the city, usually 2-3 USD.

I had a lot of early morning departures in Uzbekistan, the earliest at 3:30 AM (yuck!), and I never had to wait longer than five minutes for a Yandex driver. That impressed me.

(There was one exception though: at train stations shortly after trains arrived. When trains arrived, there was usually around a 15-minute wait for a Yandex. And I couldn’t order them early because there usually wasn’t any phone signal until we got to the station.)

Don’t visit Uzbekistan without an eSIM.

As a travel safety educator, I never visit anywhere without an eSIM — and that’s especially important for Uzbekistan.

I used an eSIM from Holafly for my trip, and it worked very well. I ordered it before my trip, chose the specific dates for it to be active, and it started working as soon as I landed in Tashkent.

In Uzbekistan, the single most important reason to get an eSIM is being able to order Yandex taxis from anywhere. I found this helpful when it was too dark to walk back to my hotel. I also found having an eSIM very helpful for navigating my way with Google Maps, translating menus, and communicating with my guides via WhatsApp.

Free wifi is not as widespread in Uzbekistan as it is in other countries, and often wifi networks require an Uzbek phone number in order to connect. I was so glad I had unlimited data and didn’t have to deal with that.

I found that my Holafly eSIM had excellent signal in the cities of Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva, though you shouldn’t expect signal on trains in the middle of nowhere.

I also love Holafly’s benefit called Always On. Every Holafly eSIM automatically provides 1GB of emergency data per month in more than 70 destinations. If you have a delayed flight or unexpected layover, you’re covered.

You can get 5% off your Holafly Uzbekistan eSIM with the code HOLAKATE, and 10% off monthly plans.

Don’t freak out if there isn’t a working seatbelt in your car.

This is one of the stranger things I noticed in Uzbekistan — seat belts are rarely accessible. In a typical Yandex taxi, either the seat belts will be pushed deep beneath the seat cushions, or there will be a cover on top of the backseat with no holes for seat belts.

In fact, I counted up the Yandex and taxi rides I took in Uzbekistan. I took 19 rides and there was a usable backseat seatbelt FOUR TIMES. That is it.

The craziest incident was with my driver who picked me up from Khiva’s train station. I noticed there were no seatbelts in the backseat, as usual, and he beckoned me to sit in the front seat, which had a working seatbelt.

I went to put my belt on and he got angry — gesturing to me, “No, don’t do that, you don’t have to do that.” I nodded and smiled and put it on and he got angrier, shaking his head.

“No. You are good. They are bad,” I told him, giving him a thumbs up while giving a thumbs down to the other drivers. He eventually gave up and drove me to my hotel.

From talking to locals, I learned that many Uzbek drivers think it’s an insult to their driving skills if a passenger uses a seatbelt.

So how do you deal with this? If you’re traveling solo like me, sit in the front seat. The front seat usually has a working seatbelt.

If it’s important to you to have working seatbelts in the backseat on every trip, you can hire a car service. These drivers tend to be more professional than Yandex drivers, and you can confirm for certain whether they have working seatbelts.

It will cost a lot more than 2-3 USD per ride, but it will cost less than hiring a driver for the day in France or Japan or Australia.

Don’t take a “Five Stans” tour.

Many people visiting Central Asia for the first time decide to see the region by a “Five Stans” tour taking in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. Why not knock them all out at once?

Honestly, I understand the urge. But these three-week tours are quite rushed and only take you to the busiest places, when the magic often happens in the quieter stops.

Instead, if you’d like to visit a few different nations, I recommend you pair Uzbekistan with one or two other countries. A Two Stan or Three Stan tour is much more reasonable.

My 17-day trip to Central Asia began with five days in Kazakhstan, which was a good amount of time for Almaty and an overnight trip to Lake Kolsay, Lake Kaindy, and Charyn Canyon.

(My original plan was to do five days in Turkmenistan beforehand, but they rejected my Letter of Invitation, likely because I’m politically outspoken with a large following and They Do Not Like That. Oh well, it was their loss and guess what — I loved Kazakhstan!)

I then did a day trip to Tajikistan from Samarkand, visiting Panjakent, the Seven Lakes, and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed ruins of Sarazm.

This day trip is easy to add into any Uzbekistan trip, and Tajikistan is visa-free for many nationalities.

Resist the urge to knock out all of Central Asia at once. That’s really a two-trip endeavor.

Don’t leave your wide-angle lens at home.

Now, this one is more for the serious photographers. Uzbekistan is a fantastic destination for photography — specifically, architectural photography.

The interiors of the buildings are filled with incredible geometric details — it’s the kind of art you can look at for hours and still discover new things.

However, it’s very difficult to photograph these interiors properly unless you have a wide-angle lens. Ideally, a very wide lens.

If you’re more of a casual photographer like me and you’d rather not cart around a ton of lenses, the iPhone has a pretty great wide-angle lens these days. While the quality is not what you’d get with most big lenses, I feel like it gets the job done.

Let’s compare two shots of the ceiling of the Aksaray Mausoleum in Samarkand:

You can see what a difference it makes!

So if you’re a photographer, bring your wiiiiiiidest lens.

Don’t buy a special lens if it’s not in your budget, but perhaps consider renting or borrowing one if you’re keen on photographing the interiors of these buildings.

Or maybe just use your iPhone, like me.

Don’t just sightsee in Uzbekistan — learn a craft, too.

I learned two traditional crafts while in Uzbekistan — Persian miniature painting and suzani embroidery — and honestly, these were the BEST things I did on my trip.

Before my trip, a company called CraftnCulture Uzbekistan reached out to me, asking if I would be interested in any of their workshops. WOULD I EVER! Making things is right up my alley, and I knew it would allow me to get to know Uzbekistan even better.

Craftnculture offers workshops in Tashkent, Samarkand, and Bukhara in everything from plov-cooking and bread-making to pottery-painting and mosaic-making to knife-crafting and wood-carving.

In Bukhara, I took a Persian mini painting workshop from acclaimed artist Rafael Toshev, who guided me through painting a pomegranate tree with watercolors on silk paper. (The silk paper is a lot more finicky than it looks!)

This was SO MUCH FUN. I had forgotten how nice it is to just draw and paint and make art.

I had the best time painting my piece and getting to know Rafael. While we had a translator, Rafael and I soon realized we both spoke French, and we gabbed away the whole time. By the end of the evening, I promised I would send my father-in-law to his upcoming show in London this summer.

In Samarkand, I took a suzani embroidery workshop and learned the art of Uzbek embroidery. Artist Feruza guided me, teaching me three different methods of traditional stitching before we settled on the easiest stitch together.

I like to sew and embroider, so I wasn’t a complete beginner — but a beginner can absolutely do this. It takes some time to get the hang of the stitching, but soon you’ll go on autopilot and fall into a trance.

Feruza and I got to know one another, and she told me she teaches suzani embroidery to everyone in her family — including the boys. She even showed me pictures sewing at the table with her toddler grandkids.

Best of all, Feruza gave me enough thread that I can continue sewing my piece at home.

Finally, while in Tashkent, I met up with Craftnculture company owner Yusuf, who himself guided me on a food and metro tour, which was the perfect introduction to the country.

I got to know him and learn more about the company, and honestly, I’d love to send SO many more people his way. Craftnculture is doing things right.

(I paid for the Persian mini painting workshop myself and Craftnculture comped me my suzani embroidery workshop in Samarkand and a Chorsu Bazaar and metro station tour in Tashkent.)

Don’t expect locals to speak English.

In many parts of the world, English is the go-to second language. In Central Asia, however, locals are likelier to speak Russian as their second language, especially if they’re over 40 or from a rural area.

In fact, people in Uzbekistan often defaulted to Russian with me, saying spasibo for thank you rather than the Uzbek rahmat.

And a few times, young women spoke to me in English on behalf of their families, their mothers and aunts smiling behind them.

Knowing a bit of Russian can be very useful here, and I recommend that you learn a few Russian words. Yes, no, hello, thank you, and numbers 1-5 can make communicating in Uzbekistan a bit easier.

But you never know what might be useful. On my Tajikistan day trip, one of my fellow travelers spoke Farsi and our guide spoke Tajik back — those two languages are mutually intelligible, so they were able to understand each other!

Don’t expect to book Uzbekistan Airways with your credit card.

If you’re flying domestically within Uzbekistan, you’ll be flying with Uzbekistan Airways. You might even be flying them internationally.

But Uzbekistan Airways does not take most international cards, including my American and Czech cards. I learned this when it was time to make the purchase and nothing would go through.

So what do you do if an airline doesn’t take your credit cards? I booked the flight through Expedia.

I never book with Expedia or any other OTA (online travel agency) — it’s much smarter to book directly with the airline, in case your flight gets canceled and needs to be rescheduled. I figured a quick flight from Urgench to Tashkent would be unlikely to have any issues.

And, in fact, it was fine. So if you’re booking on Uzbekistan Airways, book via an OTA.

Don’t go anywhere without cash.

Wherever I travel, I use credit cards most of the time — it’s better for points and better for tracking expenses in my YNAB budget.

But Uzbekistan is very cash-oriented. I even had to pay a few hotel bills with cash, which is something I hadn’t done in awhile.

I wouldn’t go anywhere in Uzbekistan without a decent amount of cash, because you’ll probably need to hit up an ATM sooner or later. In fact, when I was shopping up a storm in Bukhara, I had to go to the ATM three times in one day!

Some ATMs look normal but are only for with Uzbek bank accounts. One bank that I perused often was Kapitalbank, with bright yellow ATMs that are easy to spot.

Something else to keep in mind is that you may have a ton of bills on you. At one point I had basically the equivalent of $500 in $5 bills. Just something to keep in mind!

Don’t skip Tashkent.

Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s capital, doesn’t get quite as much attention as its other cities, and people often cite it as boring. But that doesn’t mean you should skip it — I think it makes the perfect landing pad for getting to know Uzbek culture.

On my first full day in Tashkent, I did a Food Tour and Metro Journey in Tashkent. This was the absolute best introduction to the city and the country.

Yusuf and I started at Chorsu Bazaar, an immense round market, where he told me about the food and produce and had me try several different items. (I often get overwhelmed when solo in markets, so I really appreciated having a guide to show me what was good.)

Next he took me on a tour of several metro stations — and they are SUPERB. Tashkent has so many cool metro stations, each of them decorated from top to bottom in different styles. It’s truly a joy taking the metro there, just getting to enjoy the art.

We finished up at a big restaurant specializing in plov, where we shared three different kinds of plov.

(Yusuf laughed at one point because the staff didn’t know who to give the pot of tea because they didn’t know which of us was older. The younger person serves the tea in Uzbekistan! Yusuf is younger, so he served me tea. You get less than half of a cup at a time, and it’s handed to you with your right hand as you hold your left hand over your heart.)

Beyond that, I got to enjoy some cool coffee shops and parks in Tashkent. I’m glad I got to spend time there.

Don’t go all in on Samarkand.

Samarkand is known as the beauty of Uzbekistan, thanks to its glorious architecture. The Registan and Shah-i-Zinda Mausoleum are two of the most spectacular works of architecture in the country. Both stopped me in my tracks multiple times.

And visiting Samarkand is absolutely a MUST; I couldn’t imagine an Uzbekistan trip without it.

That said — just because a city has wonderful things, it doesn’t mean it has an equally wonderful vibe. I personally didn’t love the vibe of Samarkand as a city, and many travelers I spoke to (though, to be fair — not all of them!) felt similarly.

Samarkand is EXTREMELY touristy — it’s basically the Florence of Central Asia. And it welcomes plenty of Uzbeks, Central Asians, and people from all over the world. Because of the crowds, it feels more than a bit theme park-y.

There was also constant traffic in Samarkand, and the energy of the city felt a bit stressful to me. At times, it felt tough even finding a restaurant. A surprising number of restaurants open for lunch were closed for dinner. This did lead me to finding a few holes in the wall, though!

I’m saying this because I often see people go Samarkand-heavy in their itineraries. You don’t have to do that.

So how much time is good for Samarkand? I spent three full days there, with one day being my Tajikistan day trip, and that was the perfect amount of time. I could have added an extra day if I had wanted to day trip to Shahrisabz, another cool city nearby.

Don’t buy souvenirs until you get to Bukhara.

Uzbekistan has some of the best souvenir shopping I have ever experienced. Some of the most famous products here are silks dyed in colorful ikat patterns, traditional suzani embroidery pieces, and gorgeous patterned pottery.

And that’s not all. There are Persian miniature paintings, bread stamps in a variety of patterns, and tiny pairs of scissors shaped like birds.

Need to buy something for men (which I always find a challenge)? They’ve got knives, too! You bet I bought my husband a cool knife.

But the absolute best shopping in Uzbekistan is in Bukhara. I found the quality of products here to be generally better than what I saw in Samarkand and Khiva, and Bukhara happens to be the home of local arts like rug-weaving and gold zarduzlik embroidery.

Bukhara is also home to three traditional trading domes through which Silk Road travelers passed through on their journey (not unlike a duty-free shop at the airport today). These domes are still active today.

That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t buy something in another city. If you find something you love, buy it! I bought a piece of suzani embroidery from Feruza, my embroidery teacher in Samarkand, and her work is exquisite.

But I recommend you save the hardcore shopping for once you hit Bukhara. Oh, and budget a LOT more than you were planning. It took all my willpower not to buy an $819 long purple ikat silk jacket.

Don’t assume Khiva is too far away.

Khiva felt so much different than everywhere else. This is a stunning walled city in the heart of the desert and it genuinely feels like an oasis on the Silk Road.

But it’s far from everything, which is why some people skip it. It’s either a six-hour train ride from Bukhara or an 80-minute flight from Tashkent.

But it’s very much worth the journey. I took a sleeper train from Bukhara that departed at 5:42 AM and arrived around 11:37 AM, and it couldn’t have been more pleasant. My three compartment-mates and I slept a bit, then I read and relaxed with my feet up as we chugged across the desert.

Of course, you need to accept Khiva for what it is. The Ichan Kala, the area within the walls, is 100% geared toward tourism, not unlike Kotor, Montenegro, or San Gimignano, Italy. If you want to experience local life, you’re going to have to go beyond the walls.

But it is so beautiful, it’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and it’s so visually different to the other popular cities of Uzbekistan.

And if you want to go further west, you can head to the city of Nukus, and even camp overnight at what used to be the Aral Sea, complete with shipwrecks suspended in sand.

Don’t only eat plov.

It’s easy to get sucked into only eating plov while in Uzbekistan. It’s ubiquitous, it’s cheap, there are tons of regional variations, and best of all, it’s absolutely delicious!

Plov is a rice dish made with meat, onions, carrots (often a mix of orange and yellow carrots), and other accoutrements like raisins, chickpeas, or apricots. Plov is where the word “pilaf” comes from!

And honestly, it’s easy to end up eating it for every meal in Uzbekistan. But I recommend you get out of the plov zone every now and then.

So, what should you eat besides plov?

Shashlik — meat kabobs grilled on a skewer — are a very popular option in Uzbekistan, probably second only to plov, and they also feel like a healthy option after days of heavier cuisine. I would usually get two meats and a vegetable skewer.

Laghman is a popular dish in Central Asia, thanks to the influence of the Uyghurs of western China. These hand-pulled noodles are thick and chewy, and are usually served in a soup with meat of some kind.

Shivit Oshi is a popular dish in Khiva: dill noodles topped with beef and potatoes. Delicious!

I found that restaurants in Khiva were good about communicating local dishes from Khiva and the surrounding Khorazm region.

And if you just feel like a snack, grab a samsa — a filled pastry. They usually come filled with meat, or sometimes pumpkin or other vegetables, but my favorites were stuffed with a mix of sautéed potatoes and onions.

Don’t come in summer (unless you have to).

I visited Uzbekistan in April, and that was by design. From what I read, spring and fall are the best times of year to visit, because the summers can be very hot and the winters can be cold and bleak.

April turned out to be a perfect month for Uzbekistan and the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. I had some cold moments (in the mountains of Kazakhstan and Tajikistan), but the days were lovely for the most part.

But Khiva was HOT. Some days, the midday temperatures were as high as 90 F (32 C). In APRIL. I spent the afternoons in Khiva holed up in my hotel room — there was no reason to be out when it was that hot.

Khiva may be hotter than the other cities, due in part to its location in the desert, but it got quite hot in Tashkent around that time as well. I can’t imagine how hot it gets in the summer months.

For that reason, I recommend you avoid visiting Uzbekistan in summer if possible.

(With my eternal caveat for teachers and other people who must travel in the summer — if summer is your only option, you can make it work. Just make sure you pace yourself and stay inside in the afternoons.)

At the same time, know that this isn’t necessarily the case for other parts of Central Asia. If you’re visiting high altitude places, especially in Kyrgyzstan or Tajikistan or along the Pamir Highway, summer is THE time to go. Some places might be inaccessible outside in summer.

Don’t backtrack to Tashkent…unless you want to.

When I first booked my flights to Central Asia, I decided to fly into Almaty, Kazakhstan, and out of Tashkent, Uzbekistan. I would fly from Almaty to Tashkent in between. That’s what made sense at the time.

And so the Uzbekistan portion of my itinerary had me travel by train from Tashkent to Samarkand to Bukhara to Khiva, then I flew from Urgench Airport (near Khiva) back to Tashkent.

But when I was at Urgench Airport, I saw that people were boarding a Turkish Airlines flight to Istanbul. WHAT? Who knew that was even an option?!

Turkish Airlines is very well-connected in Central Asia, and they run flights from Istanbul to Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, and Urgench.

Had I known that, I would have flown home from Urgench (assuming the price was decent). I didn’t really have a reason to go back to Tashkent, and because I always give myself a generous buffer with flights, I basically added on two extra days that I didn’t need.

However…I enjoyed those last two days in Tashkent.

I stayed at Lotte City Hotels Tashkent Palace, a four-star hotel in a nice neighborhood for just $117 per night. I went to the Museum of Applied Arts. I took long walks. I visited lots of coffeeshops. I hung out with my friend Megan.

And you know what? After nine days of family-run guesthouses, Uzbek food, and early mornings, it was nice to chill in a plush, anonymous hotel, order room service lasagna, and decompress a bit before flying home.

It might have added two extra days, but that was a great way to end my trip to Uzbekistan.

More on What NOT to Do:

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• What NOT to Do in Italy
• What NOT to Do in Croatia
• What NOT to Do in Iceland
• What NOT to Do in Mexico
• What NOT to Do in New York City
• What NOT to Do in Boston
• See all What NOT to Do posts here.

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